Ethnic disparities refer to the unequal treatment or opportunities experienced by individuals from different ethnic or racial groups within a society. This research area examines the various ways in which social, economic, or health outcomes differ between different ethnic groups and seeks to understand the underlying factors contributing to these disparities. Researchers in this field may investigate issues such as access to education, healthcare, employment, housing, and criminal justice, as well as the impacts of historical and systemic discrimination on ethnic minority populations. By identifying and addressing these disparities, researchers aim to promote social equity and improve the well-being of all members of society.